Browse every published article, from the latest research to earlier analysis. Use the page numbers below to explore the complete archive.
A small randomized approach-bias training trial showed numerically favorable abstinence outcomes without statistically significant group differences. Adverse psychological reactions in both groups also made safety and acceptability important parts of the result. What was measured Manning and colleagues randomized 24 residential-treatment patients to six sessions of personalized approach-bias modification or sham training. Ten received active…
A gambling-task study found weaker links between reward information and momentary happiness ratings in men with methamphetamine use disorder. Its computational results did not establish why any individual used drugs or prove that mood dysregulation caused later use. What was measured The researchers compared 27 men with methamphetamine use disorder with 49 male controls. Participants…
A retrospective study found a curved association between longer methamphetamine abstinence and better cognitive scores in people with HIV. Age did not significantly modify the global association, although one processing-speed relationship differed by age. What was measured The analysis used data from 122 people with HIV and a lifetime methamphetamine use disorder. Researchers compared linear,…
A rat electrophysiology study found that dopamine receptors contributed to amphetamine’s promotion of cortical Up states. It did not directly demonstrate better attention or memory in awake humans. What was measured Shen and Shi recorded local field potentials in the prefrontal cortex of chloral-hydrate-anesthetized rats. They examined d-amphetamine alongside dopamine-receptor antagonists and agonists. An Up…
A touchscreen study showed that mice could sustain repeated effortful responding and that amphetamine increased progressive-ratio performance. It also highlighted why motivation should be evaluated before a change is attributed solely to cognition. What was measured The researchers adapted progressive-ratio and effort-related-choice procedures for male mice using the same touchscreen apparatus employed in cognitive experiments.…
Repeated amphetamine exposure increased maze alternation in zebrafish, a pattern interpreted as improved working memory, while reducing other exploratory strategies and flexibility. The findings do not support an unqualified cognitive-enhancement claim. The experiment and its measurements The study exposed adult zebrafish repeatedly and intermittently to d-amphetamine or nicotine over 14 days, then examined a challenge…
A mouse study found that amphetamine-related accuracy gains depended on task timing. Making the pre-signal interval variable eliminated gains observed under the original conditions, showing why the same task label can conceal different drug effects. The experiment and its measurements Katz and colleagues trained mice to respond to illuminated locations for food reward in a…
A rat experiment linked the time course of attention effects with plasma amphetamine exposure, but blood sampling and behavior were measured in separate groups. It did not directly correlate each animal’s concentration with its own performance. The experiment and its measurements Slezak and colleagues used six male rats for a five-choice serial reaction-time task and…
A rat study found greater attention improvement among poorer baseline performers after low-dose amphetamine. Associations with striatal chemistry supported a mechanistic hypothesis, not a validated method for selecting human treatment. The experiment and its measurements Turner and colleagues trained rats on a signal-detection task with varying signal durations, then tested saline and amphetamine at 0.1…
An amphetamine experiment found longer treadmill endurance and a slower early core-temperature rise in rats. The paper’s higher muscle-temperature estimate came from a mathematical model, not direct muscle thermometry. The experiment and its measurements Morozova and colleagues measured core body temperature and oxygen consumption as rats ran with progressively increasing treadmill speed and incline at…
An interim Japanese pediatric surveillance study reported no lisdexamfetamine dependence- or abuse-related events. That observation does not demonstrate that such events are impossible or that risk is zero in all settings. Design and measurements The prospective observational study enrolled children and adolescents aged six to under 18 receiving lisdexamfetamine in routine care. At the interim…
A mouse experiment found less consistent interval timing after amphetamine, alongside changes in prefrontal neural activity. The result concerned trial-to-trial precision, not simply a uniform shift toward faster responses. Design and measurements The paper combined a meta-analysis of 15 earlier rodent studies with a new experiment recording prefrontal neuronal ensembles in seven mice. The animals…
A brain-connectivity model classified response to abstinence-based treatment, but its response definition was a reduction in craving. The model should not be described as a validated scan predicting who would remain free of relapse. Design and measurements Du and colleagues studied 82 methamphetamine users and 68 healthy controls. Baseline functional MRI and clinical measures preceded…
A treatment cohort linked childhood physical neglect with poorer selected executive outcomes, greater craving and more positive urine results. It did not show that every type of childhood trauma predicted every outcome or that trauma determined an individual’s future. Design and measurements The study followed 115 adults with methamphetamine use disorder in an outpatient program.…
A study found persistent sleep and memory complaints alongside altered immune-cell percentages during early methamphetamine remission. The measurements did not establish that the immune changes caused the complaints. Design and measurements The human observational study compared 62 controls with 98 adults with methamphetamine-dependence histories: 55 in remission for one to six months and 43 actively…
A PET study linked cingulate D2/D3 receptor availability with working-memory performance in stimulant use disorder. It could not establish a receptor-availability deficit relative to its own controls because those controls did not undergo PET. What the study tested The research included 84 adults with stimulant use disorder—74 with methamphetamine and 10 with cocaine use disorder—and…
A stimulation study linked improvements in executive-function ratings with improvements in craving. Because the analyses used change during treatment, they did not establish a ready-to-use pretreatment test for selecting who should receive stimulation. What the study tested Wang and colleagues compared methamphetamine-use-disorder patients with healthy adults and randomized patients to intermittent theta-burst stimulation or sham.…
A working-memory training pilot reported better self-rated impulsivity and self-regulation outcomes in methamphetamine inpatients. It did not demonstrate reduced relapse or objective improvement in every form of inhibitory control. What the study tested Brooks and colleagues compared 15 inpatients receiving usual treatment, 20 receiving usual treatment plus working-memory training, and 25 healthy controls. Outcomes were…
A theta-burst stimulation study found changes in drug-word color discrimination and selected EEG features. Those findings concern cue processing under a specific task, rather than proof that every aspect of attention normalized. What the study tested Chen and colleagues analyzed 49 patients with severe methamphetamine use disorder assigned to active or sham intermittent theta-burst stimulation…
A small controlled Adderall experiment produced marked subjective and physiological activation without significant improvement in reading-related outcomes. Feeling stimulated was not equivalent to demonstrating an academic benefit. What the study tested The pilot tested mixed amphetamine salts, 30 mg, in 13 healthy college students without ADHD using a double-blind placebo-controlled within-subject design. Assessments combined cognitive…
A randomized trial found improved self-reported executive functioning when lisdexamfetamine was added to stable antidepressant treatment in selected adults. The primary result was a questionnaire benefit, not a direct demonstration of restored performance in every daily activity. What the researchers compared The study randomized 143 adults with partially or fully remitted major depressive disorder and…
A dopamine-transporter gene study associated one variant with stronger subjective amphetamine responses. After considering multiple comparisons, the stimulation result was more robust than the euphoria result, and cognitive and cardiovascular associations were not demonstrated. What the researchers compared The exploratory study examined 152 healthy volunteers in a double-blind crossover experiment with placebo and 10- and…
An ADHD imaging experiment found medication-related changes in working-memory networks, but its mixed individualized medications prevented attributing every result specifically to amphetamine. The study controlled active treatment versus placebo, not amphetamine versus another stimulant. What the researchers compared Eighteen youths aged 11–17 with combined-subtype ADHD completed a Sternberg working-memory task during functional MRI in a…
A controlled trial found improvements in selected cognitive complaints and attention/working-memory outcomes after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. The findings concern a selected post-surgery population, not a general treatment effect for every form of forgetfulness. What the researchers compared The trial assigned 69 participants with new executive-function complaints after risk-reducing surgery to six-week lisdexamfetamine and placebo periods in…
An observational study found combined associations of heavy methamphetamine use and APOE ε4 status with selected frontal brain measures. It did not establish that an individual carrier would develop dementia or that methamphetamine caused the anatomical differences. What the researchers compared The researchers compared 77 people with chronic heavy methamphetamine use and 226 nonusers, separating…
A study of casual methamphetamine users found reward- and risk-related neural differences during gambling decisions. It did not determine whether those differences caused use, resulted from use or predicted future addiction. Study design Droutman and colleagues studied 31 casual methamphetamine users and 66 nonusers drawn from a broader investigation involving men who have sex with…
An amphetamine imaging study found that the relationship between brain-signal variability and working-memory performance depended on age and drug-session order. Greater variability was not a universal indicator of better performance. Study design Garrett and colleagues examined younger and older adults during a letter N-back task under amphetamine and placebo. Functional MRI quantified variability in the…
A cognitive-battery experiment found no significant average amphetamine benefit, but apparent benefits in lower-scoring participants and worsening in higher scorers. The authors could not rule out regression to the mean as a contributor to that subgroup pattern. Study design Chou and colleagues studied 60 healthy adults in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover experiment with amphetamine 20…
Amphetamine reduced slowing after errors in a working-memory experiment without improving overall accuracy. The key post-error analysis included 55 participants, not the full 110-person accuracy sample. Study design Wardle and colleagues used placebo and 5-, 10- and 20-mg d-amphetamine sessions under double-blind counterbalanced conditions. Participants performed an N-back task. After excluding responses inconsistent with the…
An exploratory study linked selected DRD2 variants to stopping performance and found genotype-dependent responses to amphetamine. It did not validate a genetic test that can predict a particular person’s inhibition after taking the drug. Study design Hamidovic and colleagues studied 93 healthy volunteers, comparing 12 dopamine-D2-receptor gene variants with stop-task performance and self-reported impulsivity. Participants…