Browse every published article, from the latest research to earlier analysis. Use the page numbers below to explore the complete archive.
A large adjusted association is not the same as an absolute risk or a proven drug cause. A Taiwanese case-control study linked recent hypnotic use with adverse respiratory events in COPD.
A longer seizure latency in fish is not a human combination-treatment recommendation. Adult zebrafish were exposed by immersion to valerian preparations, valerenic acid and anticonvulsants before a chemical seizure challenge.
A comparison between two combinations cannot isolate the contribution of midazolam. A randomized cardiac-surgery study compared induction combinations in one hundred patients with impaired left-ventricular function.
A biochemical change is not a validated test of a person’s memory. Researchers compared several amnesia-producing agents in mice and measured superoxide dismutase activity.
A theoretical interaction and a demonstrated clinical interaction are different findings. A valerian review assessed laboratory experiments, animal work, clinical studies and case reports.
A medicine given to every study group cannot explain the randomized difference by itself. A pediatric trial compared caudal local-anesthetic regimens, including a fentanyl-containing group.
A pooled treatment response is not a head-to-head estimate against every benzodiazepine regimen. A systematic review assembled thirty intravenous valproate studies involving varied forms of status epilepticus.
Sedation and restraint use can reflect the same underlying agitation. A secondary analysis of 711 ventilated adults in 51 Canadian ICUs found restraints were used in about half.
Drug interactions can differ even between two benzodiazepine anticonvulsants. In electrically induced mouse seizures, the research cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 enhanced clonazepam protection under tested conditions but did not similarly enhance clobazam.
A CRISPR-based sensor detected methamphetamine in laboratory experiments and a wearable microfluidic format. The supplied paper does not establish diagnostic accuracy in people using methamphetamine, or validate sweat measurements as evidence of individual impairment. A small-molecule assay using a DNA signal Wang and colleagues combined drug-binding aptamers, magnetic beads and Cas12a. Binding of methamphetamine or…
A small controlled narcolepsy study reported reduced sleep tendency and fewer errors on a simple computerized driving task after methamphetamine. Its clinical population, unequal group doses and simplified task prevent direct conclusions about real-world driving safety. Eight matched pairs and brief treatment conditions The 1993 study included eight adults with narcolepsy and eight matched healthy…
An aged-rat study linked amphetamine treatment with improved memory-task performance, restored stimulated norepinephrine release and changes in dendritic spines. These preclinical findings do not establish treatment efficacy or dementia prevention in older humans. Animal behavior and tissue experiments answered different questions Scognamiglio and colleagues studied male Fischer 344 rats, comparing young animals with animals aged…
Rodent experiments found rewarding and reinforcing effects of lisdexamfetamine, alongside dopamine changes in isolated tissue preparations. These results support dependence-liability research, but do not quantify addiction risk during oral human treatment. Different experiments used different species and routes The study tested conditioned place preference in mice using intraperitoneal lisdexamfetamine and self-administration in rats using intravenous…
An open-label cocaine-use-disorder pilot showed that participants could reach substantial lisdexamfetamine doses under monitoring, sometimes after dose reductions. It did not provide a placebo-controlled estimate of treatment efficacy. The primary endpoint was achieved dose The study enrolled 17 treatment-seeking adults with cocaine dependence; 16 had post-enrollment data. It tested an eight-week outpatient protocol, including an…
A secondary analysis of a racemic amphetamine classroom trial found sex differences on one behavior scale that were not consistently reflected on other outcomes. The result highlights the importance of what each scale measures. The same trial viewed through several instruments The analysis reused a dose-optimized crossover trial involving 97 children with ADHD, including 38…
A study found lower reported sleepiness in medicated than unmedicated young men with ADHD during prolonged wakefulness. Because only four medicated participants took amphetamine, the pooled result cannot establish an amphetamine-specific effect. A controlled wakefulness protocol with clinical medication groups The study included 59 men aged 18–35: 39 with combined-type ADHD and 20 controls. Sleep…
Two behavioral components related to impulsivity had opposite associations with subjective amphetamine response. More attention lapses predicted less response, while slower stopping predicted greater response in the same analysis. Separate tasks measured separate components Weafer and de Wit analyzed 165 healthy adults with usable task data after exclusions. Participants received placebo and 5, 10 and…
High sensation seekers reported stronger subjective responses to d-amphetamine in one experiment, while measured attention, inhibition and risk-taking did not show the same group differentiation. Sensitivity to feeling a drug and sensitivity on a cognitive task were distinct findings. Personality groups with controlled exposure The human study recruited healthy volunteers from the upper and lower…
A large imaging study associated stimulant use with arousal- and reward-related network patterns while finding no significant changes in canonical attention networks. That result is narrower than saying stimulants cannot affect attention or that amphetamine alone caused every observed change. Observational children and a different adult challenge Kay and colleagues analyzed pediatric ABCD data involving…
A larger controlled study failed to reproduce a widely cited interaction between COMT genotype and amphetamine-related executive performance. Its null findings place an important limit on using the earlier result as a personal prediction of stimulant benefit. A behavioral replication with several doses Wardle and colleagues recruited 200 healthy young adults for counterbalanced, double-blind sessions…
A pilot study found no significant voxelwise correlation between diffusion measures and symptom improvement across its main correlation analyses. A subsequent responder-group interaction identified a more specific association, which needs to remain separate from a general prediction claim. A small naturalistic treatment study Hung and colleagues followed 36 medication-naïve adults with ADHD after clinically selected…
A small study found that improvements from a no-drug baseline did not establish a specific cognitive benefit of amphetamine–dextroamphetamine over placebo. The appropriate comparator changed the interpretation of apparent enhancement. Baseline came before two counterbalanced sessions Twenty-one college students without ADHD completed a no-drug baseline and sessions involving placebo or 10 mg immediate-release amphetamine–dextroamphetamine. The…
A large observational analysis described medication-associated brain patterns that often pointed in the opposite direction to ADHD-associated patterns. Its term attenuation does not demonstrate that amphetamine repaired or normalized an individual child’s brain. Two analysis samples and medication classes The study used ABCD data, with a machine-learning stage involving 1,306 participants and mixed-effects analyses involving…
An abstinence study found lower local activity measures alongside stronger hippocampal connectivity in selected comparisons. These findings show why a single description such as globally increased or decreased brain activity can be misleading. Several metrics in the same human sample The final analysis included 25 male methamphetamine-abstinent patients and 29 controls. Researchers combined regional homogeneity,…
A pilot study did not show that its hypothesized heart-rate-variability measure predicted creativity changes with stimulant medication. Some secondary associations appeared before correction for multiple testing, but did not survive that correction. Seventeen people, two medication conditions Adults with ADHD completed counterbalanced sessions on their prescribed stimulant medication and after abstaining for at least 24…
A prospective study associated several baseline clinical ratings with later stimulant response in adults with ADHD. Its small sample and naturalistic treatment design do not establish a validated rule for selecting amphetamine for a new patient. A clinical follow-up study DiSalvo and colleagues followed 36 medication-naïve adults with ADHD for an average of 116 days…
An experiment linked drug-free reward-cue activation to later methamphetamine-induced euphoria, while the corresponding activation under methamphetamine did not show the same association. A baseline correlate and a drug-induced brain change are different findings. Two sessions and two kinds of reward measure Molla and colleagues used a randomized, double-blind, within-participant design comparing 20 mg oral methamphetamine…
A long-term lisdexamfetamine analysis reported high response and remission percentages, but the percentage depended on which participants and time period were counted. Reaching a symptom cutoff at least once is different from maintaining it throughout follow-up. Controlled treatment followed by open-label observation Mattingly and colleagues analyzed a four-week placebo-controlled adult ADHD trial and a subsequent…
Parent ratings favored lisdexamfetamine over placebo at three daytime assessments after morning dosing. Those home-setting observations add useful information, but they do not measure every intervening hour or prove an exact duration for each child. A different setting from the laboratory classroom Coghill and colleagues reported parent-rated outcomes from a seven-week randomized trial in children…
An exploratory classroom analysis found differences in impairment levels between age and sex groups, but no consistent pattern showing that one sex benefited more from lisdexamfetamine. Baseline group differences and treatment interactions answer different questions. Reanalysis of a pediatric crossover trial The report examined a study in which 117 children aged 6–12 were randomized after…